![airfoil airfoil](https://wes.copernicus.org/articles/5/911/2020/wes-5-911-2020-f13-web.png)
![airfoil airfoil](https://texample.net/media/tikz/examples/PNG/airfoil-profiles.png)
![airfoil airfoil](https://www.esteco.com/sites/default/files/airfoilthickness_0.png)
The Pareto fronts for the cold and hot sides were obtained based on nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II decision-making could be achieved on the Pareto front, according to the design requirements. The maximum arc height position was found to be an insignificant factor thus, it was neglected in the regression formulas. Moreover, regression formulas for the three targets were established based on the results of the 53 numerical tests, using the high-determine factors. And the numerical work was performed by the realizable k- ε model with the maximum validation error is less than ± 5%. Such a wing (airfoil) is called a two dimensional (2-D) wing. We can now think of the airfoil as an infinitely long wing that has the same cross sectional shape. However, for any given slice, we have a given airfoil.
Airfoil series#
A series of 53 numerical tests were designed using the central composite surface method. This airfoil shape can be different if the slice is taken at different locations on the wing. The considered factors included three airfoil fin structure parameters (arc height, maximum arc height position, and airfoil thickness), two airfoil fin arrangement parameters (horizontal and vertical spacings), and the velocity inlet condition, for both cold and hot sides. An airfoil produces a lifting force that acts at right angles to the airstream and a dragging force that acts in the same direction as the airstream. Optimal heat transfer rate, pressure drop, and compactness are important requirements for a PCHE to serve as a recuperator therefore, in this study, a multi-objective optimal design was proposed using the aforementioned three targets. airfoil, shaped surface, such as an airplane wing, tail, or propeller blade, that produces lift and drag when moved through the air. In this study, an airfoil fin printed circuit heat exchanger (PCHE) was first employed as a micro gas turbine recuperator for extended-range electric vehicles.